The surface of steel is hardened
In some parts, the surface layer of the workpiece bears higher stress than the core under the action of alternating loads such as torsion and bending and impact loads.In the case of friction, the surface layer is also constantly worn. Therefore, high strength, high hardness, high wear resistance and high fatigue limit are put forward for some surface layer of parts. Only surface strengthening can meet the above requirements.Because surface quenching has the advantages of small deformation and high productivity, it is widely used in production.
According to different heating methods, surface quenching mainly includes induction heating, flame heating and electric contact heating.
Quench by induction heating
Induction heating is to use electromagnetic induction to produce eddy current in the workpiece and heat the workpiece.The ratio of induction heating surface quenching to ordinary quenching has the following advantages:
1. The heat source is on the surface of the workpiece, with fast heating speed and high thermal efficiency
2. The workpiece is less deformed due to non-integral heating
3. The heating time of workpiece is short, and the surface oxidation decarburization amount is small
4. High surface hardness, small gap sensitivity, impact toughness, fatigue strength and wear resistance of the workpiece are greatly improved.It is helpful to realize the potential of materials, save material consumption and improve the service life of parts
5. Compact equipment, easy to use and good working conditions
6. Facilitate mechanization and automation
7. It can be used not only in surface quenching but also in penetration heating and chemical heat treatment.
The basic principle of induction heating
The workpiece is placed in the sensor. When the alternating current passes through the sensor, an alternating magnetic field is generated around the sensor at the same frequency as the current. The induced electromotive force is correspondingly generated in the workpiece.Under the action of the resistance of the workpiece, electric energy is converted into thermal energy to make the workpiece surface temperature reach the quenching heating temperature, which can realize the surface quenching.
Properties of induction surface after quenching
1. Surface hardness: the workpiece hardened by high and medium frequency induction heating is usually 2 ~ 3 units (HRC) higher than ordinary quenching.
2. Wear resistance: the workpiece after high frequency quenching has higher wear resistance than ordinary quenching.This is mainly due to the martensite grain size of the hardened layer, high carbon dispersion, high hardness and high compressive stress on the surface.
3. Fatigue strength: high, medium frequency surface quenching increases the fatigue strength greatly, and the notch sensitivity decreases.For workpieces of the same material, the depth of hardening layer is within a certain range, and the fatigue strength increases with the increase of hardening layer depth. However, when the depth of hardening layer is too deep, the surface layer is compressive stress, so the increasing fatigue strength of hardening layer depth decreases instead, and the brittleness of workpiece increases.Generally, the depth of hardened layer is (10 ~ 20) % D.More appropriate, where D.Is the effective diameter of the workpiece.